The Role of AI and Technology in Modern Neurosurgery and Spinal Surgery

I’m often asked how technology—and more recently, artificial intelligence—is impacting the way we approach brain and spinal surgery. It’s a timely topic, and one that continues to evolve. I recently sat down for an interview to talk through some of the most common questions I receive. I’m sharing it here in hopes that it offers a helpful look at how these innovations are shaping the future of neurosurgery and patient care.

Q: Tell us a little about yourself.

A: I am a board-certified neurosurgeon specializing in traditional and minimally invasive methods to treat complex brain and skull base diseases, including brain tumors, trigeminal neuralgia, and acoustic neuromas. I also address cerebrovascular disorders like aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVM) with minimally invasive, incision-free techniques. My approach to spinal disease also emphasizes advanced, minimally invasive treatments.

My training began with a B.S. in Neuroscience from Johns Hopkins University, followed by medical school at St. George’s University. I completed a residency at Albany Medical Center and fellowships in Endovascular Neurosurgery and Cerebrovascular and Skull Base Neurosurgery. I practice at Orlando Neurosurgery and serve as a medical director at the AdventHealth Neuroscience Institute. My philosophy centers on finding the least invasive solution for each patient’s unique needs, often avoiding surgery altogether when possible.

Q: How has technology transformed neurosurgery and spinal surgery in recent years?

A: Technology has revolutionized the field, particularly with the advent of advanced imaging systems, robotic-assisted surgery, and AI-driven diagnostic tools. These innovations have significantly improved precision and safety during complex procedures. For instance, robotic-assisted surgery allows for more controlled and precise movements, reducing the risk of human error.

Q: Can you share some specific examples of procedures where AI and technology are making a difference?

A: Absolutely. One of the most significant advancements is the use of AI-powered image analysis in spinal fusion surgeries. These algorithms help analyze preoperative imaging data to guide surgical planning. Additionally, intraoperative navigation systems equipped with AI assist in real-time guidance, which is crucial for procedures requiring pinpoint accuracy, such as brain tumor resections.

Q: How do you ensure patient safety when implementing new technologies and AI in surgery?

A: Safety is always the top priority. Any new technology undergoes rigorous testing and validation before being used in a clinical setting. Protocols are developed to minimize risks, and surgeons receive specialized training to understand both the capabilities and limitations of these tools. Moreover, AI systems are integrated in a way that supports, rather than replaces, clinical judgment.

Q: How are robotic-assisted surgeries changing the landscape of spinal and brain surgery?

A: Robotic systems enhance precision, particularly in minimally invasive spine surgeries. These systems allow surgeons to perform complex tasks through smaller incisions, which results in less tissue damage, reduced recovery times, and improved outcomes. In brain surgery, robotic assistance is becoming increasingly valuable for tasks that require micrometer precision.

Q: What role does AI play in post-surgical care and recovery?

A: AI has made significant strides in post-surgical monitoring. Predictive algorithms can now identify potential complications earlier than traditional methods. For example, AI-driven software can analyze patient data to detect signs of infection or abnormal healing patterns, allowing for prompt intervention. Additionally, telemedicine platforms powered by AI facilitate remote monitoring, enabling patients to recover at home while still receiving professional oversight. This combination of technology and human touch is improving recovery outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Q: Are there ethical considerations when implementing AI and technology in neurosurgery?

A: Definitely. One of the main concerns is ensuring that AI tools do not compromise patient autonomy. We must also address issues related to data privacy and the potential for algorithmic biases. As surgeons, it is our responsibility to stay informed and advocate for responsible use of these technologies.

Another significant ethical challenge is maintaining human oversight in decision-making processes. While AI can analyze vast amounts of data and make recommendations, it is crucial that surgeons maintain control and use their medical judgment rather than solely relying on AI-generated suggestions. This balance between automation and human expertise is vital for maintaining patient trust and ensuring optimal outcomes.

Lastly, informed consent becomes increasingly complex when AI is involved. Patients must understand not only the surgical risks but also how AI tools will be used in their care. Transparency and clear communication are key to maintaining patient autonomy and trust.

Q: Orlando Neurosurgery currently operates five locations across Central Florida. How do you determine where to expand your presence?

A: As a practice deeply rooted in this region, we’re always paying attention to where the need for neurosurgical care is growing. We look at access gaps, population growth, and feedback from patients and referring physicians. Our goal is to meet people where they are—with high-quality brain and spine surgical care that’s both accessible and advanced. For example, we opened our Winter Garden office a few years ago in response to the rapid growth and rising demand for specialized care in that part of the region. Each new location is carefully chosen to better serve the communities that rely on us.

Closing Thoughts

As AI and technology continue to advance, the field of neurosurgery and spinal surgery is poised to become more precise and patient-centered. The integration of AI-powered tools in diagnosis, surgery, and post-operative care is improving patient outcomes while minimizing risks. However, it is essential to maintain a balanced approach that prioritizes patient safety and ethical considerations.